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Electrocardiography (EKG) (ECG) - Method of measuring the electrical activity of the heart. EKG is continuously recorded in both diagnostic sleep studies and CPAP titration sleep studies.
Electrodes - Small devices that transmit brain waves or other biological electrical signals from a patient to a polysomnograph machine, where the signal is amplified and displayed.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - A recording of the electrical activity generated by the brain. Brain wave frequencies are expressed in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second (cps), and amplitude is expressed in microvolts. Characteristic frequency and amplitude patterns of the activity define which stage of sleep the patient is experiencing. Brain waves are recorded in both diagnostic and CPAP titration sleep studies.
Electromyogram (EMG) - A recording of the electrical activity of the muscles. The absence of very low level of EMG activity indicates the presence of REM sleep. Very high levels can help identify periods of wakefulness. Non-invasive EMG is recorded in both diagnostic and CPAP titration sleep studies.
Electrooculogram (EOG) - A recording of the movements of the eyes. If rapid eye movements are detected during sleep, the subject is in REM sleep, which is the state in which vivid dreaming takes place. EOG is recorded in both diagnostic and CPAP titration sleep studies.
EPAP - (Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure) - The pressure prescribed for the expiratory (breathing out) phase of an individual on Bi-level CPAP therapy for OSA (obstructive sleep apnea).
Epidemiology - The scientific discipline that studies the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population. Includes the study of factors that affect the progress of an illness, and, in the case of many chronic diseases, their natural history.
Epoch - A standard 30-second page of the sleep recording that is assigned a sleep stage designation; occasionally, for special purposes, longer or shorter epochs are scored.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale - An index of sleep propensity during the day as perceived by patients, and derived from the answers to 8 questions.
Esophageal Pressure - A measurement used to determine respiratory effort and by inference, airway resistance. Considered an invasive measure, it is sometimes used in polysomnographic testing that is conducted in sleep disorders centers.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS, Somnolence, Hypersomnia) - A subjective report of difficulty in maintaining the awake state, accompanied by a ready entrance into sleep when the individual is sedentary; may be quantitatively measured by use of subjectively defined rating scales of sleepiness.
Expiratory Phase - The phase of the breathing cycle in which air is expelled.
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